Sherrie and I

（转载）

     英国知名汉学家、红学家、中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》最受认可的英译者霍克思（David Hawkes）日前在牛津去世，享年86岁。
      霍克思的葬礼于8月14日举行。此前一周，其家人通过《泰晤士报》的分类广告栏刊发了出丧公告，而迟至8月26日，方有《卫报》约翰·基廷斯（John Gittings）撰写的整版讣闻刊出，其中包含大量生动的细节，令人感佩。

David HawkesScholar who led the way in Chinese studies and translated The Story of the Stone

John Gittings
guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 25 August 2009 18.46 BST

 
Hawkes's translation of The Story of the Stone for Penguin Classics retains the realism and poetry of the original

When the poet and critic William Empson spotted some neglected correspondence on the desk of the president of Beijing University (Beida) in Chiang Kai-shek's China, he transformed the life of David Hawkes, the great translator of Chinese literature, who has died aged 86.

The letters were from Hawkes, then a young student of Chinese at Oxford University, who was so determined to continue his studies in China that he had taken passage for Hong Kong without waiting for a reply. Hu Shi, the famous scholar who headed Beida, was known to boast that he never bothered to deal with letters, so Empson – the only foreigner at the university – took immediate action and Hawkes was accepted as a graduate student.

It was 1948, the last year of Chiang's crumbling rule before the communist revolution succeeded. The Beida campus was still within the city (it moved later to its present location in the suburbs) and Hawkes found a hostel room in one of the ancient hutong lanes.

Beijing was soon under siege from the People's Liberation Army, and light and water became in short supply. Hawkes would help fetch cans of water on a trolley from a well that the students had dug. When the lights went out they all put their tables in the corridor and played games or told stories – excellent language practice for the British student. On 1 October 1949, when Mao Zedong proclaimed the inauguration of the People's Republic, Hawkes joined his fellow students to celebrate in Tiananmen Square, though Mao's declaration, in a thick Hunanese accent, was incomprehensible to them all.

As the different columns marched below the Gate, each contingent called out "Chairman Mao, long life!", to which Mao replied "Comrades (tongzhimen), long life!" The Beida students, Hawkes would recall, claimed that they had been singled out by the Chairman for a special mention – he had called out "Fellow students (tongxuemen), long life!" in recognition of Mao's past connection with the university – but they had probably just misheard.

Hawkes would remember the special character of old Beijing – long since vanished – all his life: "I can go around it in my dreams," he told an interviewer in 1998, "as if it were 50 years ago," and proceeded to describe by name its streets, gates, and dusty hutongs.

It remained only a dream, for he never returned after leaving in 1951: his wife-to-be, Jean, had joined him in Beijing, where they married after long negotiation with the local police station. Jean became pregnant, the Korean war started, and the couple were "very strongly advised" to go home.

Hawkes was born and grew up in east London and won a place at Christ Church, Oxford, where he read a shortened first part of the classics degree, before being recruited to learn "military Japanese" in London. Showing an aptitude for oriental languages, he soon became an instructor, teaching intelligence operatives and code-breakers how to interpret Japanese battle reports. Returning to Oxford in 1945, Hawkes switched from classics to Chinese and was, for a time, the only student in a department with only one teacher, the ex-missionary ER Hughes.

It was Hughes who persuaded the university to offer an honours degree in Chinese, but according to Hawkes he had "to make Chinese look as much as possible like Latin and Greek", with the syllabus limited to the study of Confucius and other classical texts.

Returning again to Oxford from China in 1951, Hawkes joined a small but growing department under the new professor – also ex-missionary – Homer Dubs. The syllabus edged forward with relatively more modern texts taught by Hawkes and by a new Chinese colleague, the talented Wu Shichang.

By the end of the 1950s, the set texts for undergraduates included popular fiction from the Ming dynasty and short stories by the famous 20th-century writer Lu Xun (though the study of Chinese history stopped firmly at 1911, at the end of the last imperial dynasty).

Through Hawkes's lively exposition we began to grasp the vitality and humanity of China and the Chinese, which were harder to discern in the classical canon. Guided by Wu we also plunged, dictionaries at close hand, into the first five chapters of the massive and psychologically complex 18th-century novel by Cao Xueqin usually known as the Dream of the Red Chamber (Hongloumeng) and regarded as the greatest work of traditional Chinese fiction.

Wu was already a recognised Hongxuejia – literally Red-ologist – while Hawkes had become fascinated by the Dream after discovering it in Beijing. In 1959, Hawkes published an authoritative study of the Songs of Chu (Chuci), an anthology of ancient poems from southern China, based on his doctoral thesis. In the same year he succeeded Dubs as Professor of Chinese.

Encouraged by Wu, who became a lifelong friend, Hawkes was always conscious of the greater challenge of the Dream. When approached by Penguin Classics in 1970, he leapt at the chance to produce a less academic translation, which would be more "enjoyable for the English reader". Before long, the magnitude of this work – the complete text has 120 chapters – convinced Hawkes that it had to be a full-time task.

With a very Chinese kind of self-deprecation, he argued that he "never saw himself as a very good professor", and that he would make a better translator. The world of China studies was shaken by the news that Hawkes had resigned his chair.

Over the next 10 years, helped by a research fellowship at All Souls, he completed the first 80 chapters in three volumes (1973, 1977 and 1980) under the Dream's original title, The Story of the Stone. The final 40 chapters, which only came to light after Cao Xueqin's death, would be translated by Hawkes's son-in-law, the sinologist John Minford.

Hawkes had hoped to return to China during a sabbatical in 1966, but this marked the beginning of Mao's cultural revolution, which he regarded with dismay. He would visit the Chinese embassy in London to protest at the imprisonment of his former fellow-students (and prolific fellow-translators of Chinese literature) Gladys Yang and Yang Xianyi.

After completing the Dream, Hawkes moved to Wales, where he revised his work on the Songs of Chu, also for Penguin Classics, and developed new interests in gardening, goats, Welsh and the history of religion.

Though he professed to have retired from China scholarship, in recent years he published a verse translation of the Yuan dynasty drama Liu Yi and the Dragon Princess, and took a close interest in the work of the Chinese poet Liu Hongbin, who fled China after the 1989 Beijing massacre.

Hawkes will be remembered for his translation of the Dream/Stone, not only as the most knowledgeable Red-ologist outside China, but for his inspiration and skill in conveying both the realism and the poetry of the original work. In doing so, he stepped far beyond the China field and his opinion of Arthur Waley, the pioneer translator of Chinese poetry, who was a close friend until he died in 1966, could well be applied to Hawkes himself: "[Waley] belonged not only to the world of oriental studies but to the world of literature."

He is survived by his wife, Jean, three daughters, Rachel, Verity and Caroline, and his son, Jonathan.


•David Hawkes, Chinese scholar and translator, born 6 July 1923; died 31 July 2009

链接：David Hawks版The Story Of The Stone

我：我不是那种遇到失败就爬不起来的人。

Kat姐：您爬起来得也太快了点……

前一晚很早就躺下了，然后半夜里醒了好几次，本来想早点起来看ethics，太困，pia一下按掉闹钟继续睡。（果然不怕死~）

早上出门的时候看到两道的彩虹~心情顿时变得很好

从8点开始就困在C5C，偏偏我又是12点半才开始考（最后其实是快到一点多才开始，因为本考室的某位同学出了点technical problem——木有自带白纸），兴奋了一个小时，慢慢看一点ethics，然后看下单词——其实啥也看不进去~之前考的人陆陆续续都回来了，啊……为什么我要最后一个考……后来互相抽单词……越抽越紧张……

到了该我去的时候简直都等疲了……早上那杯浓咖啡的效用MS已经过了~~在路上的时候感觉紧张得腿都发软了~一边power walk一边往嘴里塞巧克力，到了之后Laura还没出来，紧张得又去上了次厕所……出来另外一间考室的日本姑娘还在抓紧最后时间背单词+吃巧克力（besides她的雨靴蛮好看的！）

正式开考以后倒没工夫紧张了，还有幸好念题也要念一段时间，幸好第一篇医学的dialogue不是一上来就很长一个segment~之前找了一堆想得到的病，药，治疗办法，身体部位，器官，etc（特别是各种发炎，超级变态，最后都有点要得neurasthenia了）……结果考坐骨神经痛反正俺的原则是听不懂的想不起来的就瞎编呗~法律的dialogue出现了一个常春藤，哎我想起来了League后来想起来了v就是没想起来前面那个I，okay，全用plant代替……后来出来发现……嗯，我不是一个人……Laura同学还说成了levy……

social-cultural questions和ethics我都回答得超级简洁，中间还走神，丢脸地要求老师再repeat一遍……

sight的C-E是坐骨神经痛，E-C是保释。保释那篇说着说着都心虚（特别是到什么“完全抗辩模式”那里小懵了一下，搞得差点在reading time里文章都没读完）……delivery也不顺畅，重复很多次……当然，英语语法是我一直的最大问题之一……

consecutive还是老问题，听的时候觉得明白了，完了读notes就想不起来是说什么的了……还是不能太相信自己的short-term memory啊~（8过考完监考老师说，your notes look familiar with me，because that's what I do~嗯，猿粪哇）不过英翻中的digitalization，唉我和它实在是太不熟了中翻英是economy，涛涛在去年APEC的讲话，真素没创意~好多笔记看不懂，得，继续瞎编呗~

以上。

学生生涯结束，technically。

写论文是痛苦的，但，更加痛苦的是统计分析实验数据！

现在MQ的图书馆地上，书架间的走道上都坐了好多人——哼哼哼哼，啥叫良好的学习风气~瞅这！不然，学校为啥要建一个新的大图书馆咧……（可惜我看不到了）

不过也是临考所致吧~

毕竟，对我们来说，还有一个多点儿星期了，嗯，很多同学的练习积极性都很高呀~

大家互相督促，互相纠错、讨论，分享经验，也一起走神、放空、聊八卦。

可爱的同学，更是可敬的对手。

834的group work真是做的很辛酸，不论中翻英还是英翻中，每次快要翻完的时候，都给我来一个保存出错，无法保存……

okay，全部重写。

是有谁在嫌我还不够焦头烂额对不对？

Solution：

source：http://hi.baidu.com/zhouhuigen/blog/item/9b4d6243f60f16149213c61c.html

有时候，当要保存一个文件时，Word会弹出一个对话框说是磁盘空间已满，无法保存文件，可实际上磁盘上空间还很大。这是非常令人恼火的一件事情。这一信息最常见的原因是Temp文件夹已经达到了一个文件夹中可以包含的最多文件数的上限。这时，解决方法很简单：在【资源管理器】中右击安装有Windows系统的磁盘，在出现的快捷菜单中单击【属性】，将出现【属性】对话框，从【常规】选项卡中选择【磁盘清理】按钮，此时将出现【磁盘清理】对话框。执行磁盘清理完毕以后，Windows会弹出一个新的对话框。

在【要删除的文件】框中选中【临时文件】选项，然后选择【确定】。Windows将删除临时文件。要人工删除临时文件，进入临时文件夹，删除任何旧的临时文件（临时文件以波浪号开始，以．tmp扩展名结束），返回Word，再次试着保存文件。如果此时还不能正确保存文档，可以采取以下的方法，步骤如下：

（1）按Ctrl＋A选定整个文档。 　　
        （2）按Ctrl＋C将整个文档复制到内存中。 　
        （3）关闭Word程序。此时系统会提示：“您将大量文本放在了“剪贴板”中，是否希望在退出Word后这些文本仍可用于其他程序？”。 　
        （4）选择【是】按钮。
        （5）重新打开Word程序。 　　
        （6）按Ctrl＋V，将复制下来的文本粘贴到新文件中。 　　
        （7）命名并保存新的文件。

注意：在删除临时文件时，可能会出现一个对话框，提示不能删除正在使用的文件。这是因为Windows运行的时候，需要不断地用到一些临时文件。因而，在人工删除临时文件时，试着在开始时只删除几个文件，然后对桌面上的回收站进行清空。否则可能无法删除所有选择的文件。

1. temp文件夹里文件过多，默认是c:\windows\temp下面，清理一下。

2. 某些杀毒软件会产生这种错误，先卸载了试试。

3. 尼姆达病毒修改了system32里的riched20.dll文件，从另外机器上,或安装光盘上拷个。

4. 公式编辑器里的某个公式坏了，向上逐个删除法。

5. Ctrl＋A、Ctrl＋C，关闭Word程序，退出Word后这些文本仍可用于其他程序，重新打开Word程序，按Ctrl＋V。

我遇到这个问题的原因是公式编辑器中输入的某几个公式坏了：

(1)首先将最近输入的片断剪切下来，并复制到一个新的文档中，然后再保存你的文件，如果还是不能保存，则继续剪切次近输入的文字，直到能保存为止。

(2) 将新文档中的文字一小段一小段的向回COPY，并不断保存，这样你就能找出导致问题的地方，然后将其删除，重新输入有问题的地方就可以了，通常只是一个公式，这可以节省不少时间。

本周C-E获得一个史上最高分，而E-C获得一个史上最低分。

最后一次作业，翻《色·戒》和师祖悼念师公的文，嗯，很好很强大……

从来不练sight translation，现在情况比con还遭，con呢英翻中比中翻英糟——因为原文听不懂！

欧，这个世界颠倒了……

早上在车上看I Have a Bed Made of Buttermilk Pancakes，差点坐过站……（话说这本书是还是点好看，but。。。每天睡觉前翻不到两页就已经睡着了……）

提前半个小时到——米办法，车不好坐，村er啊村er——Branka烤了Buttermilk Cake，嗯，我只想说，这真是史上最甜的Buttermilk Cake……

当班内容是Tai Chi Class，嗯，说普通话的只有一个老爷爷，但他的英文非常溜，还主动给我搬凳子要我和他们一起锻炼……so，我也练了一圈儿太极……

东西吃了，身体锻炼了，签名拿到了，收工！

-。-|||

8点57到车站，结果9点05的车取消了，提前到8点54，狂晕。。。

老爷爷老奶奶们都好可爱哦~一直拉着我们说话，讲他们的故事——好吧我承认我就跟我爹一样很有长辈缘但没有异性缘~and今天又刷新了一个纪录，一个辽宁的奶奶觉得我只有15岁——“现在这么小的孩子就能读大学啦？”。。。狂晕。。。

今天的内容是有关遗嘱订立，一个Public Trustee Service的工作人员来讲滴~and虽然我们是把口译做了，但是中国的老爷爷老奶奶们都不太care的。

“我们中国人和洋人不同的啦，没什么遗产还立什么遗嘱？我们所有的财产就是我们的孩子，一辈子就把孩子供出来，难道把孩子们交做遗产给政府分配？”

默。。。

下午和小咩聊天的时候问她还在绣十字绣没，

“好久没绣了，老了眼睛看不见了，自然现象……”

555555。。。

Commencement address by Steve Jobs,

CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios,

June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parent’s garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.

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One of our practice materials for sight translation,

can't agree more.